A Replication of the Stroop Effect - 1944 Words

A Replication of the Stroop Effect Kimber-Ann Cook Broughton High School 3/26/08 Ms. Greene IB Psychology SL 1, 738 Abstract The Stroop (1935) effect is the inability to ignore a color word when the task is to report the ink color of that word (i.e., to say green to the word RED in green ink). The present study investigated whether object-based processing contributes to the Stroop effect. According to this view, observers are unable to ignore irrelevant features of an attended object (Kahneman Henik, 1981). In three experiments, participants had to name the color of one of two superimposed rectangles and to ignore words that appeared in the relevant object, in the irrelevant object, or in the background. The words were congruent,†¦show more content†¦An interesting challenge arises when a task such as color naming is identified as both controlled and automatic, by varying the other task involved. Color naming is identified as a controlled process when the other task is word reading, but as an automatic process when the other task is shape naming. Cohen, Dunbar and McClelland (1990) proposed an a lternative explanation of the Stroop effect, which does not distinguish between automatic and controlled processing. Instead, they proposed that automaticity is a range, and that Stroop interference depends on the relative degree of learning the particular tasks, not on processing speed. Attention is thought to be selective-focused on one subject at a time. Traditionally, it has been assumed that automatic processing is involuntary, it does not require attention, and is relatively fast; whereas, controlled processing is voluntary, does require attention, and is relatively slow. We can conclude from this that the more we repeat a certain material or tasks the more it becomes automatic and effortless to us. Methods Design The independent variable was represented by three conditions; three word lists printed in a variety of color inks. Two of the lists consisted of word colors; one in black ink and the other in incongruent colors. The third list consisted of square blocks in contrasting colors. The dependent variable was the time taken to name the black ink words, the square block colors, and the color names inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Testing the Theory of Multitasking1122 Words   |  5 PagesThis experimental investigation has to do with how human’s attention work. It is based on a replication of the well-known â€Å"Stroop Effect† carried out on 1935 by John Ridley Stroop. The aim of this experiment was to demonstrate how hard it is for a person’s attention to be divided in different tasks, by making the participants read a series of three stimuli which consisted of: 1) words of colors in black ink, 2) words of colors in their actual font color, and 3) color words with diff erent ink, whereRead MoreThe Stroop Effect Experiment Essay773 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stroop experiment can be traced back as far as the nineteen century around the time of some particular works of Cattell and Wundt. The experiment was first written about in 1929 in German. The experiment was name after John Ridley Stroop after he had written the article â€Å"Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions,† which was published in 1935.there have been over 700 replications of this experiment The experiment is a demonstration of reaction time of a task . The Stroop experimentRead MoreAn Experimental Investigation Into The Interference Of Conflicting Stimuli On A Response Task1510 Words   |  7 PagesExperimental Investigation into the Interference of Conflicting Stimuli on a Response Task Sharan Kaur Candidate # IB Psychology SL 6 February 2015 1,322 words â€Æ' Kaur 2 Abstract We are replicating J.R. Stroop’s original experiment The Stroop Effect (Stroop, 1935). The aim of the study was to understand how automatic processing interferes with attempts to attend to sensory information. The independent variable of our experiment was the three conditions, the congruent words, the incongruent wordsRead MoreThe Effect Of Automatic And Controlled Processing On The Way Of Thinking1510 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction J.R. Stroop conducted an experiment in 1935, where he studied the difference of automatic and controlled processing through his experiment called the Stroop Effect . Automatic processing can be defined as an implicit way of thinking that is unconscious, while controlled processing is intentional. The experiment dealt with Stroop giving the participants two list in different conditions. While the participants read the lists, they were told to read them as fast as possible. In the firstRead MoreThe Matter Of Paying Attention1494 Words   |  6 Pagesattention fails. J. Ridley Stroop (1935) investigated the response of the brain through the Stroop Effect, and attention fails as two cognitive processes conflicting each other. Stroop (1935) asked students to read off lists in two types of conditions; the congruent condition (NC test), which consisted of solid colored squares and a condition with in-congruent word colored pairs (NCWd Test). For example, in the in-congruent condition the word â€Å"Green† would be printed in red ink. Stroop found that the studentsRead MoreExperimental Psychology Stroop Effect2268 Words   |  10 PagesRunning head: EXPLORING THE STROOP EFFECT Racing Hoses and the Stroop Effect Milana Istakhorova Brooklyn College – CUNY Fall 2011. Abstract The research assessed in this article discusses the Stroop effect. The Stroop effect occurs when our selective attention fails and we are unable to attend to some information and ignore the rest. This study tests the Stroop effect by presenting the participant with a congruent or incongruent word and the participant is asked to type the color of the word orRead MoreInternal Assessment : The Stroop Effect2357 Words   |  10 Pages Psychology Internal Assessment The Stroop Effect â€Å"An experimental investigation into the interference of conflicting stimuli on a response task† Candidate Name: Grace Jo Candidate Number: ? (I don’t know my candidate number) Subject: Standard Level Psychology Date of Submission: School: Vanguard High School Word Count: 1488 Abstract The aim of this experiment was to replicate the Stroop Effect and to investigate the interference in the reaction time in hundredths of a secondRead MoreThe Test Of Sustained Selective Impairment1727 Words   |  7 Pageswith neurological impairments due to such neurotoxicants. Although there has been a recent increase in the literature on adverse occupational neurobehavioral effects, there remains to be room for improvement. Bowler and Lezak (2015) have systematically examined the common neurotoxicants found in various work sites and their corresponding effects. However, while Bowler and Lezak have meticulously assessed various cognitive processes and motor functions, I could not help but question why certain testsRead MoreTransdiagnostic Cbt5615 Words   |  23 Pagesanother life threatening illness. These fears correlate with type 1 worry of what ifs? In terms of having a serious illness, how she would react and cope with the outcome. However failure to resolve type 1 worry thro ugh problem solving has a casal effect on anxiety which further triggers negative beliefs and appraisals about worry itself (Wells 2005) that her worry will send her mad which is a metacognitive process. Periods of worry can increase negative thought intrusions which, the client describedRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 Pagesobsessions or compulsions is not restricted to another Axis I disorder if present. (Obsessions and compulsions must be evident outside the context of a co-occurring condition.) Criterion E Obsessions or compulsions are not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. Specifier With poor insight: For most of the current episode, the person does not consider his or her obsessions and compulsions excessive or unrealistic. Note. Based on DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria

William Shakespeare Greatest Poet Playwright Free Essays

England’s greatest poet and playwright was born in Stratford, the son of a tradesman and Alderman of Stratford, John Shakespeare in 1564. William, the eldest son, and third child of eight, was baptized on the 26th April 1564. He received his early education at Stratford Grammar School, but little is known of his life up to his eighteenth year. We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeare: Greatest Poet Playwright or any similar topic only for you Order Now His Grammar School curriculum would have provided a formidable linguistic, and to some extent literary education. It is noted that he did not like grammar but did have a love for dramatics. Shakespeare attended King†s New School in Stratford which was one of the best grammar schools. Shakespeare read many books. He used some of these books as sources for his plays. One of his most prominent sources of literature was the book The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre families of Lancaster and York written by Hall. Shakespeare used this book to help inscribe his plays about many kings including three plays about Henry VI and a play written about Richard III. Also he wrote Othello on the basis of Hecatommithi and Twelfth Night on the basis of His Farewell to Military Profession. More than fifty percent of Shakespeare†s plays were influenced from various groups of topics. Other things that influenced Shakespeare†s plays were his life experiences. As a young boy dramatic events that occurred led to his writing of Hamlet. The drowning of a girl named Katherine he knew was also a source of his playwriting. History affected his writing as well. One of Shakespeare†s most heralded plays was based on the life and demise of Julius Caesar. He gathered information about Caesar, and with his literary brilliance wrote about Caesar and his story in a unique perspective. Also the life of Marc Antony was very influential in one of Shakespeare†s great plays, as well as the bible and other chronicles. Many of these influences were brought upon by his education, which taught his a lot about history and its figures. Many reasons can be given for Shakespeare’s enormous appeal. His fame basically is from his great understanding of human nature. He was able to find universal human qualities and put them in a dramatic situation creating characters that are timeless. Yet he had the ability to create characters that are highly individual human beings. Their struggles in life are universal. Sometimes they are successful and sometimes their lives are full of pain, suffering, and failure. In addition to his understanding and realistic view of human nature, Shakespeare had a vast knowledge of a variety of subjects. These subjects include music, law, Bible, stage, art, politics, history, hunting, and sports. Shakespeare had a tremendous influence on culture and literature throughout the world. He contributed greatly to the development of the English language. Many words and phrases from Shakespeare’s plays and poems have become part of our speech. Shakespeare’s plays and poems have become a required part of education in the United States. Therefore, his ideas on subjects such as romantic love, heroism, comedy, and tragedy have helped shape the attitudes of millions of people. His description of historical figures and events has influenced our thinking more than what has been written in history books. The world has admired and respected many great writers, but only Shakespeare has generated such enormous continuing interest. How to cite William Shakespeare: Greatest Poet Playwright, Papers

Cpk Case free essay sample

California Pizza Kitchen, Inc. (CPK) is a United States based dining restaurants chain. The company primarily offers a mixture of assortments of hearth-baked pizzas, a wide variety of unique appetizers, desserts, pastas, salads, soups and sandwiches. CPK operates across more than 253 locations in 32 states, the District of Columbia and 10 foreign countries. It owns 205 and 48 franchised restaurants across the world and is headquartered at Dover, Delaware. An external analysis of the California Pizza Kitchen reveals several challenges facing the business: Political, economical, social and technological changes to be specific. CPK’s communication strategy focuses on marketing the California Pizza Kitchen brand through many creative and non-traditional avenues. As one of the pioneers of premium pizza, they continue to benefit from national media attention featuring their co-founders and co-CEOs, Richard Rosenfield and Larry Flax, this is believed to provide CPK with a noteworthy competitive advantage. New restaurant openings, high-profile fundraisers and media events currently serve as the focal point of their public relations and media outreach efforts. We will write a custom essay sample on Cpk Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As early as 2009 CPK landed a sponsorship agreement with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and the Los Angeles Kings to promote California Pizza Kitchen at Angel Stadium and STAPLES Center, respectively. In the same year their public relations efforts led to coverage on a national level in various outlets including the Business Week Magazine, ESPN the Magazine, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Wall Street Journal, The View, FOX National News and CNBC Power Lunch. CPK’s objective is to expand its leadership position in the restaurant and premium pizza market by selling original, high quality pizzas in addition to creative salads, distinctive pastas and related products and by providing extraordinary customer service, thus building a high degree of customer loyalty, brand awareness and superior returns for stockholders. To reach these objectives, CPK plan to increase the market share by expanding their restaurant base in new and existing markets, leveraging their partnerships in non-traditional and retail channels and offering inventive menu items. CPK is pursuing a disciplined growth strategy that, to be successful, depends on the ability and the ability of franchisees and licensees to open new restaurants and to operate these new restaurants on a profitable basis. Successful growth depends on numerous factors including: the hiring, training and retention of qualified working ersonnel, especially managers; competition for restaurant sites; negotiation of favorable lease terms; timely development of new restaurants, including the availability of construction materials and labor; management of construction and development costs of new restaurants; securing required governmental approvals and permits; competition in our markets; and general economic conditions