A Research Study On Savior Siblings Children Who Are...

For my research paper I am going to write about savior siblings. Savior siblings are children who are conceived through selective assisted reproduction as a potential source of organs or cells for an existing older sibling who has a serious medical condition. I was first interested in this topic when I watched the movie My Sister’s Keeper. My Sister’s Keeper is about a 10–year-old girl who decides to sue her parents after forcing her to donate her kidney to her sister who is dying of leukemia. My research first began when I googled board questions about this topic such as, is it morally right to create a savior sibling? I soon decided that many people will have a lot of different views on this topic. I thought it would be too difficult to come to a conclusion when researching such an opinionated question and involves a lot of emotion. I also decided not to make this my research question because I realized it is ultimately up to the parents to see how far they wil l go to save their sick child. I haven’t learned yet about the details of the effects of each member of the family. Most articles I have come across include the effects of the savior sibling and the parents, but they fail to mention the â€Å"other† child and the sick child. I feel like I have a knowledge gap when it comes to the detailed effects that children and parents have to face in their daily lives. I wish to dig deeper into how their personal lives are effected. I also want to find more information about theShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesby Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson EducationRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesadvancement for an unprecedented number of people that soared well into the hundreds of millions by century’s end. But for a clear majority of these migrants, movement was coerced by flight from war and oppression or was enticed by labor recruiters who preyed on the desperately poor. The prospects for the great majority were almost invariably lives of drudge labor in urban sweatshops, on tropical plantations, or on the wharves of an expansive, global export economy. Throughout the century, advances

Case Analysis Celebrity Crime Trials - 1111 Words

Kayleigh LaPar Herrera 4C Written Task 1 Rationale On July 20, 2017, O.J. Simpson was scheduled to have his parole trial after being in jail for armed robbery, assault with a deadly weapon, and kidnapping. Celebrities have been known to have less harsh punishments for crime compared to an everyday person. O.J. Simpson had already been acquitted of the two brutal murders of his ex-wife and another man. He also was granted parole after only serving close to nine years in prison for the previously listed charges of assault, kidnapping, and armed robbery. A blog post will be used to explore bias in celebrity crime trials, such as jurors altering their vote just because they admire the person. This admiration can blind people from obvious†¦show more content†¦O.J was sentenced to 33 years in 2008 after being found guilty of armed robbery and assault with a deadly weapon. After only nine years he is then given the opportunity for parole? That makes no sense whatsoever. We might as well give murderers their parole opportunities as early as ten years then too. Emily15 @Fred_627: Haven’t you heard the news? All the news says about him is that he was the most amazing inmate. He listened to every command and was very kind. That sounds like someone that has learned their lesson to me. Do you not want O.J. Simpson, the favorite football star, back to his normal life he had before either trials? Fred_627 @Emily15: You and many others are so easily blinded by what the media says or writes. I think the main reason as to why is the media’s diction. You hear â€Å"model† and instantly adore whoever they are talking about but the second that word is changed to â€Å"obedient† or even â€Å"good† and the meaning is altered. â€Å"Good† is subjective and it doesn’t give much support or information about his actions his prison. â€Å"Obedient† just tells you something that O.J. had to be in prison or else he gets disciplined. â€Å"Model† on the other hand makes O.J. Simpson sound like an angel that has done no wrong in his entire sentence or even his entire life. The media just sugar coats everything. The incompetent people of this world must have millions of cavities if they listen to every word the media feeds them. I’m in shock myself. How can people be so ignorantShow MoreRelatedThe Nightmare of the West Memphis Thr ee800 Words   |  4 Pageslifestyle they chose to practice. The article highlights the trials and tribulations faced by the accused three young teenagers. Rich does this by citing the popular documentary series â€Å"Paradise Lost† which is an in depth analysis into the lives of the accused, the victims’ families and members of the community. This paper outlines how the belief system of that time superseded the inconclusive evidence, which ultimately led to an unfair trial. By â€Å"othering† and â€Å"marginalizing† those three teens, theRead MoreSimpsons Murder Trial1578 Words   |  7 Pageson Orenthal James ‘O.J.’ Simpson’s 1994 murder trial of his ex-wife Nicole Simpson-Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman, in which Simpson was acquitted.This trial is one of the most televised court cases in history. Once a well-rounded guy, Simpson born in San Francisco, had a successful college football career at USC, winning the Heisman Troph y. Simpson then went onto the NFL playing for the Buffalo Bills as a star running back. The O.J. Simpson trial was majorly sensationalized due to the fact thatRead MoreThe Media and Its Responsibilities Essays1688 Words   |  7 Pagesentertainment industry forms public opinion and the terms of public debate. Comparable, through its partnerships with advertisers, the media also, exerts a powerful influence on the decisions we make, the products we buy, and the variety of analysis, we ask when we make our daily preference. In financial partnership with advertisers, the media also put forth buying influences which drives our nation economically, public opinion which affect the decisions weRead MoreThe West Memphis Three Case Analysis1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe Case of the West Memphis Three involves the three teenage boys accused and convicted of murdering Michael Moore, Stevie Branch, and Christopher Byers in West Memphis, Arkansas on May 5th, 1993. The investigation, trial, and appeals that followed would put the Arkansas criminal justice system under scrutiny for their actions. The West Memphis Police Department arrested and charged Jason Baldwin, Damien Echols, and Jessie Misskelly, Jr. with the three boy’s murders. The entire case was under theRead MoreDoes Oj Simpson Really Committee This Crime?1428 Words   |  6 PagesThe question â€Å"did OJ Simpson really committee this crime?† has a lot of controversy. Before he was arrested, he was involved in a car chase with his friend Al Cowlings. He was supposed to turn himself in but instead he kidnapped his friend and tried to flee by threatening to kill himself while his friend drove his truck. While this was happening Simpson’s lawyer read a letter to the pubic that was written by Simpson stating, First everyone understands I had nothing to do with Nicole s murder. DonRead MoreDid Oj Simpson Really Do It?1428 Words   |  6 Pageseverything involved was not brought up at all during the trial. Fleeing and threatening to kill himself seemed like a desperate act of guilt. Simpson showed up at his first court appearance on June 21 and he pleaded not guilty to the two murders. A jury was formed right away to see if there was enough evidence to press charges on OJ Simpson. Two days later on June 23, the jury was dismissed because there was so much media coverage on this case and they did not want the jury to be influenced by itRead MoreAnalysis of the Film Silence of the Lambs1358 Words   |  5 Pagesheinous crimes committed by these people. One such film program that adapts crimes committed by serial murderers, and the murderers themselves, is The Silence of the Lambs (1991). Through a combination of criminology, psychology, and sociology, The Silence of the Lambs is able to not only inform audiences of the dangerous types of people that currently inhabit society, but also of the individuals who study serial murderers with the intent of apprehending them before they commit any more crimes and toRead MoreCold Blood : The Trial Of The Century1891 Word s   |  8 PagesIn Cold Blood verses the Trial of the Century In Cold Blood brought about many social concerns and it was the cold and brutal facts of such a gruesome murder which was brought to the small town and the innocent family. Capote provided a detailed account and documentation of how the police force and legal system work in America. While the actual murders take up a small percentage of the 400 page novel, its main focus is on the hunt of Smith and Hickock, the trial, and ultimately the execution ofRead MoreHow Serial Killers came to be Essay1921 Words   |  8 Pagesprofile. Almost every major social, biological, psychological behavioural influence that has been seriously suggested as playing a role in causing crime has been thoroughly thought as potentially contributing to the behavior of serial killers (Levin, 2008). The time period and amount of killings fluctuate depending on the individual committing the crimes. Usually, the murders happen in different geographical areas. A mass murder has a separate definition than a serial killer, because a serial killerRead More The Implications of DNA Profiling Essay3166 Words   |  13 Pageslaboratories are utilized. Formerly used only in research labs, DNA fingerprinting has recently made headlines in the media due to the spectacle of the O.J. Simpson murder trial, where DNA tests played a crucial role. While DNA profiling is being used more and more to help convict as well as exonerate potential suspects in criminal cases, the jury is still out in terms of the role DNA will eventually play in the legal system. The broad ramifications of DNA fingerprinting, especially concerns over its misuse

Religious And Personal Beliefs Of The United States

Adhering to your religious and personal beliefs in a society where there have been generational shifts in attitudes toward nonmarital sex is challenging. These changes in sexual attitudes and behaviors are connected to growing cultural individualism in the United States. When a culture places more importance on the desires of the self and less on social rules, more relaxed attitudes toward sexuality are the almost inevitable result. You are faced with the decision of conforming to a society where the acceptance of premarital sex is at an all time high. Yet, your religion and personal beliefs have shaped your moral compass, which makes it evident that you do not wish to stray away from your decision of abstaining from sex until marriage. In efforts to assist you in effectively communicating your desires to your girlfriend we will evaluate your relationship through key communication concepts such as: culture, Social Exchange Theory, Social Penetration Theory, listening, and Self-Discre pancy Theory. . Making the decision of remaining abstinent until marriage takes a lot of courage. Committing to this decision, however, is just as difficult. It becomes especially challenging when the individuals in our lives do not understand or support our life choices. As you said yourself, â€Å"we are in 2016 and are well past the sexual revolution years.† Going to school in Santa Barbara certainly doesn’t make things easier as Isla Vista is known for its infamous â€Å"hook-up† culture. A cultureShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal Or Not?1558 Words   |  7 PagesThe entire human race has been formed through what our ancestors and our traditions have shown us to believe. These beliefs are inbounded within our brain and because of these personal notions are that our actions are committed. Though out of everything that is taught within our lives, the one that contains the biggest effect of all is religion. This is what we are told decides everything f or us, including where we will go after death. Now as generation’s come and go, religion is perceived differentlyRead MoreThe Religious Freedom Restoration Act962 Words   |  4 PagesFederal and State governments institute these policies in order to ensure that its citizens and resources are protected. The assignment required students to explore a public policy issue to determine how the policy is perceived by the various cultures in the United States. One such policy that concerns many is the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. In light of the political climate in today’s society the act requires a review to determine if the law is fair to all cultures and their religious beliefRead MoreAbraham Lincoln And The Civil War944 Words   |  4 Pagesidentified the civil war as religious war: it is a will of God. He stated, God â€Å"gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe†; therefore, â€Å"with firmness in the right as God gives us to see th e right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in† (Lincoln). Opposite to Douglas ideas that slavery is natural, secular, and constitutional right, Lincoln asserted anti-slavery, linked to Evangelical Protestantism (Magagna). Against evolutionism, he appealed the religious morality, thoughts, andRead More Keep Church and State Separated Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesKeep Church and State Separated missing works cited America is constantly evolving and redefining itself. Those who oppose a separation between church and state claim that because this country was founded on religious principles, our government should continue to base its laws on a Judeo-Christian God. An article entitled, â€Å"Standing up for Church-State Separation in Difficult Times,† states that, â€Å"Religious Right groups are crowing and insisting that they have some sortRead MoreReligious And Spiritual Aspects Of Human Service Practice1088 Words   |  5 Pagestextbook called, â€Å"Religious and Spiritual Aspects of Human Service Practice† written by James W. Ellor, F. Ellen Netting, and Jane M. Thibault (1999). This paper will include comparing and contrasting concepts of spirituality and religion, summarizing the influence of religious groups in human service development, and influence of religion on the historical development of clinical practice. Additionally, I will discuss the relationship between p ublic policy and religion in the United States. To concludeRead MoreReligion And Religion Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pagesis crucial in understanding their influence over experience and beliefs, especially within the United States. Saying that, let’s first discuss them more generally. Ethnicity and religion in the United States share a very similar history when looking at the general challenges that faced them. As immigrants entered the U.S., they were pressured, or were forced, to acclimate â€Å"to their new homeland,† meaning ethnic and religious groups had to, and continue to have to, â€Å"[sort] out how much of theirRead MoreThe World Monotheistic Religions Of Islam, Christianity, And Judaism981 Words   |  4 Pagesprinciple of unconditional love required by these religious belief systems. In fact, they are posturing, strategizing, and figuring out what advantages they can seize, and what opportunities arise, to win over their opponents and adversaries in these disputes whatever the venue may be or what dispute resolution process it may be. Yet, as we have studied in this class, each person, regardless of status, or occupational position, do have personal ethical standards and values. It means that evenRead MoreElements of Religious Traditions Essay912 Words   |  4 PagesElements of Religious Traditions Margaret Chandler REL/133 World Religious Traditions I University of Phoenix May 16, 2011 Elements of Religious Traditions Many people in this world today have some kind of religion in their lives or just none. However, no matter what people beliefs are, they believe in some form of religionRead MorePro Choice : A Woman s Choice1387 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial issues and debates in which most people take a side based on their personal viewpoints regarding one s religious beliefs or moral codes. Not everyone is going to agree with each other on the same thing, and these opposing ideas is what essentially divides, and creates controversy within our society. Abortion seems to be one of the most controversial discussions, among many others, in the United States. The two sides to the abortion debate are: pro-life, in where one believes abortionRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1251 Words   |  6 PagesFor many years, gay marriage has been banned in most states in the United States. Today there are 14 out of 50 states who ban same-sex marriage but, things are changing and people a re taking a stand in what they believe in (ProCon.org.). However, some people still don’t find gay marriage socially acceptable. In 2008, California’s Congress passed Proposition 8 which claimed that gay marriage was unacceptable. This caused controversy with their views that homosexual relationships were â€Å"unworthy of

Shakespeare s King Lear And The Winter s Tale - 1718 Words

A prevailing theme in Shakespeare’s King Lear and The Winter’s Tale is the possibility of reconciliation. Both rulers, Lear and Leontes, allow their political authority to often clash with their internal flaws, but Shakespeare presents these characters in two different settings, each of which equally produce two aspects of redemption that are worthy of discourse. They resolve their mistakes, and with other characters and forcers within each play that aid in their restoration, Lear and Leontes come to find emotional redemption. However, unlike the ending of The Winter’s Tale, where supernatural forces intervene and Leontes’ former life is completely recovered, King Lear is not as fortunate. While Lear achieves emotional redemption and realizes the love and affection of his daughter and closest friends, his life is not restored to its former lever of grandeur. This begs the question of whether complete redemption, encapsulating both the emotional and physic al elements, truly exists in a natural world. King Lear’s character is powerful because it exemplifies the raw, emotional and physical journey of the human condition. He embodies all the trademarks of a man with high standing. He seemingly has within his control a kingdom that he wields with authority, great wealth, and he is held in high esteem by his followers. In the early lines of the play, Lear takes possession of his supremacy in dividing the entirety of his kingdom to his daughters, solely based on which of hisShow MoreRelated The Northern Lights2820 Words   |  12 PagesLights I hardly see how one can begin to consider Shakespeare without finding some way to account for his pervasive presence in the most unlikely contexts: here, there, and everywhere at once. He is a system of northern lights, an aurora borealis visible where most of us will never go. Libraries and playhouses (and cinemas) cannot contain him; he has become a spirit or spell of light, almost too vast to apprehend. Harold Bloom, Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human I don’t expect thisRead More Shakespeares World Essay3144 Words   |  13 Pagesevery nation on earth reads, studies and performs the works of William Shakespeare. No writer of any country, nor any age, has ever enjoyed such universal popularity. Neither has any writer been so praised. As William Hazlitt observed, quot;The most striking peculiarity of Shakespeares mind was its generic quality, its power of communication with all other minds.quot; It is perhaps this quality that has earned Shakespeare the supreme accolade, that of lending his name to an era. Other than aRead MoreQueen Elizabeths Lasting Effect on Theater Essay1800 Words   |  8 PagesElizabeths forty-five year reign, she protected and uplifted the adult and boy companies, when enemies from the clergy and sometimes the council sought to put them down (Clunes 27). To the Queens interest, some six to ten plays were given every winter at court and she saw many others when in progress throughout the country or while attending weddings or banquets in London.(Clunes 27) Within time, Elizabeth was awarding more performances in court. That is one of the ways Elizabeth helped the theaterRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 PagesIntroduction 3 2. Early History 6 The Greek and Roman Eras: 50 B.C.-A.D. 500 6 The Middle Ages: 500-1500 6 The Renaissance: 1500-1650 7 The Rise of Puritanism and John Locke: Late 1600s 8 3. Beginning of Children’s Literature: Late 1700s 10 4. Fairy and Folk Tales 12 The Golden Age of Children’s Literature: Late 1800s 12 5. Victorian Childrens Literature 16 6. Contemporary Childrens Literature 18 6. Analysis of Harry Potters’ series 21 7. Conclusion 30 8. Summary 31 Children’s Literature Definitions 31 The

Economics Oligopoly Free Essays

Main economic features of an Oligopoly and key economic theories of price fixing. This part of the coursework aims to identify and explain the main economic features of an Oligopoly and also the key economic theories which influence the price of a product or service. This part deals with the theoretical aspects of Oligopoly and the later part emphasizes on the practical applications of the theories and oligopoly features. We will write a custom essay sample on Economics Oligopoly or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Pass et al (2000), â€Å"Oligopoly, a type of market structure is characterised by a few firms and many buyers, where the bulk of market supply is in the control of relatively few large firms who in turn sell to many small buyers†. To describe the degree of oligopoly, concentration ratio is often utilized. Concentration ratio is the measure of the market share of the largest four firms in the industry expressed as a percentage. A low concentration ratio suggests a high level of competition and vice versa for. As there are few players dominating the industry, each player or an oligopolist is said or likely to be aware of others course of actions. The decision taken by one player seems to affect the decision taken by others and strategic planning by the firms needs to take into account the likely response of other participants (Wikipedia, 2010). For example, a proper game of chess depends on how well you read your opponent’s moves, similarly in oligopoly; strategies are devised based on the moves of competing market firms. The reason for existence oligopoly as stated by Maunder et al (1991) is for the achievement of economies of scale. Firms tend to reduce their average cost of production by increasing their scale of operation and since the small firms have higher average costs, they tend to go out of business or be absorbed by the larger ones. The features of oligopoly are:- a. Number of Firms:-The very important feature of an oligopoly is the number of firms. Even though there are a large number of firms operating in a particular industry, only a handful of firms hold the major share between them. . Interdependence: – A very distinctive feature of an oligopoly is interdependence. When a very few large firms operate in a particular industry, their activities or strategy cannot be independent of each other. Unlike monopoly, where the monopolist need not worry about the reaction of its rivals as there are none, an oligopolist takes into consideration the possible reactions of all rival firms. For example, a company considering a price reduction of its products may wish to estimate the chances of price reduction by the rival company and hence starting a price war. . Profit Maximization Condition: – The firms in an oligopoly generally agree to co-operate and act as one monopolist as it generates high profits (Begg and Ward 2007). This kind of formal collusive agreement is called a cartel. An oligopoly maximises profits where the marginal revenue equals the marginal cost. This is also known as profit maximization condition. Price ELASTIC UNIT ELASTIC P MC, AC PROFIT MAXIMIZING OUTPUT O MR Quantity (Source: Begg and Ward 2007) d. Perfect Knowledge: – Oligopolists are said to have a perfect knowledge about their cost and demand functions but a lesser information about other firms (Wikipedia, 2010). e. Entry Barrier: – One of the main important features of oligopoly also is the entry barrier. There are high entry barriers that restrain a new firm from entering a market. For example, the barriers can be the economies of scale, access to expensive and complex technology, lower costs for an established firm, brand loyalty, patented production process and strategic action by incumbent firms etc. The table below gives the market concentration in different industries. As discussed earlier, the large few firms form a cartel and set a price. Once the members of the cartel agree on the price, they compete against each other using non price competition in order to gain the maximum revenue. There are other various ways in which the firms fix the price. One of them being tacit collusion, where the firms agree on a price set by an established leader. This is also known as dominant firm price leadership as the price setting firm is the dominant firm in the industry. The other way is the barometric firm price leadership, where the price leader is the one whose prices reflect the market conditions in the most stable form (Sloman et al, 2010). To fix prices, the producers must be able to control the market supply. The other forms of price fixing in tacit collusion is average cost pricing, where producers add a certain percentage of profit on top of average costs and price benchmarking, where firms raise the price only up to a benchmark already set. Price fixing is achieved by the competing firms coming together on a platform where they can agree on a common pricing and production strategy thus acting in a manner in which a monopoly operates. This kind of collusion is known as cartelisation. Cartels although banned in many countries, is difficult for the enforcement agencies to gather evidence and penalise the participants. The quantity for the cartel and the individual firm will not be the same as one firm individually will have the scope for further increase in productivity to achieve a situation where the marginal cost equals the marginal revenue. In such cases firms may decide to go ahead with excess supply which can lead to a price war and inconsistent revenues to the industry. Even without overt collusion firms in an oligopoly are able to reach a point of profit maximisation when they behave in a manner reflected in â€Å"Nash Equilibrium† (Begg and Ward 2007). 2B) Direct to Home (DTH) television industry in India acting as an oligopoly. India has a total television population of about 135 million of which about 108 million have an access to cable and satellite television (Plugged in, 2010). The total DTH sub base at the end of first quarter in the year 2010 was 23 million (Dish TV India Ltd, 2010) which was about just 1 million in the year 2006. Indian DTH industry has seen a flurry of activities in the recent years after a monopolistic reign by Dish TV for a couple of years. It is currently in a state of Oligopoly with the top four operators controlling nearly 80% of the total market. The major players in the market are Dish TV by Zee group, TataSky- a joint venture by Tata and Star TV, Big TV by Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, Digital TV by Bharati Telemedia and SUN Direct from Sun TV. Since there are only 3 major players in the DTH market, Indian DTH industry is an oligopoly. (Indiadth, 2010) The product offering by the rival firms are more or less similar in nature with little or no product differentiation. Amongst all the players, Sun Direct has essentially remained a regional operator who made a late debut in the national scene. The content or the channels are same with all the operators barring few omissions and additions. The DTH industry market share is as follows. BRAND| MARKET SHARE| Dish TV| 30%| TataSky| 22%| Sun Direct| 25%| Big Tv| 13%| Airtel| 8%| D2H| 2%| (Source: http://www. pluggd. in/dth-industry-in-india-analysis-297/) From the data above we can see that Dish TV, TataSky and Sun Direct together hold the maximum market share with over 75%. (Source: http://www. slideshare. net/) To confirm the oligopoly, we can use the Herfindahl-Hirschman index or the HHI. It measures the size of the firms in relation to the industry and also indicates the amount of competition between them. Mathematically, (Adapted from Pass et al, 2000) Here Si = market share of firm i in the market and N is the number of firms. Hence H = 302 + 222 + 252 + 132 + 82 + 22 H = 2246. With this value of H we can conclude that this industry is an oligopoly. Although there is no indication of an overt collusion in the industry, a closer look at their price plan (fig 1. 1) can lead us to a strategic or tacit understanding between the players. The market is abuzz with marketing drives to garner market share and the customer is currently loaded with freebies like free installation, free channels and the like. Going by the level of investment and infrastructure the operators need to garner as much subscriber base as possible to be in a profitable proposition. They are however aware of the competition and are refraining from a price war. Such behaviour of the operators is characteristic of a non-price competition in Oligopoly. This is due to the interdependency of firms in the oligopoly and the strategic behaviour can also be referred to the â€Å"Nash Equilibrium† (Begg and Ward 2007). (Source: Slideshare. net/researchonIndia) Brand Name| PricePlan(inINR)/month| Dish TV| 135. 0| TataSky| 150. 00| Sun Direct| 115. 00| Videocon| 136. 00| Fig: 1. 1 (Source: Company websites, 2010) Now as in any oligopoly, it has to be supported by entry barriers, both endogenous and exogenous. The natural barrier of entry in this particular industry is primarily associated with government licensing and also the intensity of capital investment required. Given that all the DTH operators are already estab lished players in related sectors such as telecom, media it gives them a strategic advantage in terms of distribution and content. For any new entrant it could pose as a strategic entry barrier. Indian DTH market has constantly been attracting different players over the years given the increasing number of television subscribers. Although there have been entry barriers, companies like Videocon along with its cutting edge technology entered into the market in the presence of established players. The cutting edge technology proved to be a barrier breaker. Videocon managed to build television sets with set top boxes which helped it develop its own customer base. References Begg, D. , and Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business, 2nd edition. Berkshire: McGraw Hill Publication. Christopher Pass, Bryan Lowes and Leslie Davies (2000). Economics, 3rd edition. HarperCollins Publishers. DTH, (2010). http://www. pluggd. in/dth-industry-in-india-analysis-297/ [Accessed 21/11/2010] Dish TV, (2010). http://www. dishtv. in/packages. aspx [Accessed 21/11/2010] Indiadth, (2010). http://www. indiadth. in/ [Accessed 22/11/2010] Maunder, P. , Myers, D. , Wall, N. , and Miller, R. L. 1991) Economics Explained, 2nd edition. Collins Educational. Sloman, J. , and Hinde, K. (2007). Economics for business, 4th edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Sun Direct, (2010). http://www. sundirect. com/packages. php [Accessed 22/11/2010] Tata Sky, (2010). http://www. tatasky. com/channel-packages. html [Accessed 22/11/2010] Videocon, (2010). http://www. videocond2h. com/wsc/packages. html [Accessed 22/11/2010] Wikipedia, (2010). Oligopoly. http://en. wikipedia. org/wi ki/Oligopoly [Accessed 21/11/2010)] How to cite Economics Oligopoly, Papers

Marketing Management Exploratory Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Management for Exploratory Analysis. Answer: Introduction: A brand can be defined as a product or service that helps in distinguishing from other products and services. A brand community can be defined as a community developed on the basis of attachment to a product (Marzocchi, Morandin, Bergami, 2013). According to Stratton Northcote (2014), brand and brand communities play a significant role and is a part of the continuum. The brand communities can be perceived as symbols and this essay attempts to map out the features of brand communities. This essay attempts to address the problems and challenges faced in marketing and general management decisions. The essay is an opportunity to make strategic decision choices based on the conceptual frameworks. The brand community is seen as a social category consisting of customers who feel united as they have common affiliation towards the brands. However, there is a need to differentiate between brand enthusiasts and brand communities. In simple terms, bran community can be defined as a group of pe ople who possess common interests and construct their own language, hierarchy, myths and values (Marzocchi, Morandin, Bergami, 2013). A community is built on social networks. According to the sociological theory of brand community, there are social interactions that remove stress, classify opinion of people and attract sympathy (Hur, Ahn, Kim, 2011). There are different reasons why people would want to join a brand community. Apple, a multinational technology company does not behave like a social company who develops marketing strategies on Twitter or Facebook. However, the company has successfully created a brand community and lives by its slogan Think Different (Stratton Northcote, 2014). The company has brought together a group of people who feel a sense of belonging when they consume Apple products (Businessinsider.com, 2016). Historically, Apple has several failed products but the advertisements with the slogan Im a Mac that was endorsed by Justin Long, a Hollywood actor added to Apples success. Apple has grown as a brand community and created social positioning. The brand addressed the resistance that was a ssociated with Malcolm X, Cesar Chavez and the Dalai Lama and created hedonic experiences and sought technological innovation (Stratton Northcote, 2014). According to the Brand Community Triad, customers are the central component of brand communities. There are several relations that are considered by the brand community: between customer and another customer, customer and product, customer and brand, and customer and marketer (Lee Kang, 2013). Firstly, as customer-customer relation, brand communities help in bringing people together and it is important for a community to create a connection between customers if they interest in a specific brand. Secondly, as customer- product relation, the customers share their extraordinary experiences of the product with the company. Thirdly, as customer-brand relation, the brand communities are formed because of specific brand interest. Lastly, as customer-marketer relations, the employers of other companies may participate in community building by creating campaigns, festivals and meetings (Lee Kang, 2013). In reality, a brand community is a business strategy and not a marketing strategy. The c ompanies often commit a mistake of isolating their community building functions. For example, Harley Davidson motorcycle is metonymic rather than definitive. In the year 1985, Harley-Davidson experienced buyback which helped in saving the company from the Japanese competition (Stratton Northcote, 2014). The management formulated the brand community tool as a competitive strategy that helped them in sustaining in the market. Harley has been building a strong brand community based on peoples lifestyle, taste and ethos. Currently, there are over a million members who believe in the strength of the company. The company provided a radical redesign and addressed the demand, produce and support for the community (Stratton Northcote, 2014). According to the consumer culture theory, the customers play a role in co-creating value, competition and become active collaborators in the innovation process of an organization. There are various co-productive activities based on lifestyle, brand, web-communication and brand fests (Stratton Northcote, 2014). With the organizational efforts, the brand users become fans, and fans become devotees. Lomo, a Russian camera company with few adjustable options and inexpensive lenses have undertaken the brand community. The company has become the iconic of experimental analog cameras. The community merged with Holga to create on dual-brand community (Kuo Feng, 2013). Both the users of companies were encouraging each other to continue their effect trials. The products are sold at an expensive price on online sites by the resale of toy cameras. The company has developed its online posting styles over the years. The users of Lomo post their galleries of lomography demonstrating the technolog ical sophistication of the cameras. Every brand must believe in itself. BMW automobile confers itself and has a strong psychological connection with the consumers as they believe in themselves. Other niche companies such as Nike, Porsche and Microsoft have a tendency to underdog the other corporate giants. The owners of BMW are primarily interested in the status and distinctiveness of the brand. In the earlier days, the company was in debt and was losing money. They had an economic downfall and the cars were not sold. However, the company organized various club events (Skln, Pace, Cova, 2015). Another theory is tribal branding in which the marketers can benefit significantly from the consumer devotion to the brands. The neotribes are the ascetic and effervescent group towards the future or in the past. The people of these tribes hold a common wisdom or organic aspect towards the brand (Stratton Northcote, 2014).. The consumer tribes are tied together with a sense of passion and emotional tie due to the consumption of brand. The consumer tribes are seen as action sets where there are group interactions or activities. A very good example of a consumer tribe is the club or forums. Football has the most loyal fans and it is said that one shall never walk alone according to the Liverpool chant. The football fans have a stereotypical loyalty towards the game and the people are extremely passionate towards it. Having fans fulfils the need of sharing and belonging. Football brands such as Liverpool, Manchester United have a wide number of fans worldwide. Not only Manchester Unite d has a worldwide fan-based sporting team, but the company has extended its limit as a television station namely Manchester United Television (MUTV), soccer school, and Theatre of Dreams leisure complex in Hong Kong (Stratton Northcote, 2014).. This is why the company has now become an indistinguishable sporting brand community. It is important for them to understand that the best strategy is to understand the direction in which their fans are headed and pursuing those directions shall help in strengthening the brand community. It is admirable that a sporting brand community put so much effort to raise its profile as a sporting brand (Stratton Northcote, 2014). According to the attribution theory, people have certain behaviour due to situational or personal characteristics. There are three basic forms of community affiliation- pools, hubs and webs (Kuo Feng, 2013). The members of pools are united by shared goals such as Apple devotees or democrats. The pools deliver benefits only to a limited community. The web affiliations are based on one-to-one social connections which are considered as the most appropriate and social forms. Nike provides peer-to-peer support by interacting with members and strengthens its pool and hubs. The companies embrace competition and make the brand communities thrive. The strong companies shall reinforce competitive rivalry and engage with its customers (Ewing, Wagstaff, Powell, 2013). For example, Pepsi gave a tough competition to Coca Cola through its Pepsi Challenge. The brand communities only become stronger by highlighting the limits that define them and not erasing the parameters (Skln, Pace, Cova, 2015) . In the current world, social media plays a critical role in giving the organizations a buzz. The online social networks serve as valuable community functions. The transient and shallow nature of social relationships can lead to a weak bond. Companies such as Loreal follow tactics and strategies such as in-store customer bulletin board and employee volunteerism that helps in building strong communities. Brand communities are a form of controlling illusion. The companies build a design philosophy and balancing the structure. Often people join brand communities to build new relationships and they are interested in creating social links (Brodie et al., 2013). Conclusively, any brand can form a community strategy but it is not possible for every brand to pull it off. For executing the brand community effectively, there is a need of organization-wide comment and effort to go beyond the functional boundaries. The organizations need to re-examine their company values so that they can meet people to agree on their terms and accept their package. A strong brand community helps in strengthening customer loyalty, decreasing the marketing costs and yielding higher revenue. 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